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Difference between revisions of "Population pressure"
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(Eugen Grebenik et al., first edition 1958) |
(Eugen Grebenik et al., first edition 1958) |
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{{NewLineT|S=905|N=1}} {{ | {{NewLineT|S=905|N=1}} {{ | ||
TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=1|Color=yes|Te=population pressure}}{{ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=1|Color=yes|Te=population pressure}}{{ | ||
| − | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=1|Te=ضغط السكان | + | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=1|Te=ضغط السكان}}{{ |
TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=1|Color=yes|Te=populační tlak}}{{ | TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=1|Color=yes|Te=populační tlak}}{{ | ||
TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=1|Te=Bevölkerungsdruck}}{{ | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=1|Te=Bevölkerungsdruck}}{{ | ||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
{{NewLineT|S=905|N=2}} {{ | {{NewLineT|S=905|N=2}} {{ | ||
TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te=Malthusian population theory}}{{ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te=Malthusian population theory}}{{ | ||
| − | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=2|Te=نظرية السكان لمالتس | + | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=2|Te=نظرية السكان لمالتس}}{{ |
| − | TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te= | + | TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te=malthusiánská populační teorie}}{{ |
TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=2|Te=malthusische Bevölkerungstheorie}}{{ | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=2|Te=malthusische Bevölkerungstheorie}}{{ | ||
TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te=teoría maltusiana de la población}}{{ | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te=teoría maltusiana de la población}}{{ | ||
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{{NewLineT|S=905|N=3}} {{ | {{NewLineT|S=905|N=3}} {{ | ||
TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=3|Color=yes|Te=means of subsistence}}{{ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=3|Color=yes|Te=means of subsistence}}{{ | ||
| − | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=3|Te=ضروريات الحياة | + | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=3|Te=ضروريات الحياة}}{{ |
TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=3|Color=yes|Te=prostředek obživy}}{{ | TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=3|Color=yes|Te=prostředek obživy}}{{ | ||
TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=3|SubN=2|Te=úživné prostředky}}{{ | TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=3|SubN=2|Te=úživné prostředky}}{{ | ||
| Line 44: | Line 44: | ||
{{NewLineT|S=905|N=4}} {{ | {{NewLineT|S=905|N=4}} {{ | ||
TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=4|Color=yes|Te=population equilibrium}}{{ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=4|Color=yes|Te=population equilibrium}}{{ | ||
| − | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=4|Te=توازن السكان | + | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=4|Te=توازن السكان}}{{ |
| − | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=4|SubN=2|Te=توازن السكان | + | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=4|SubN=2|Te=توازن السكان}}{{ |
TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=4|Color=yes|Te=populační rovnováha}}{{ | TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=4|Color=yes|Te=populační rovnováha}}{{ | ||
TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=4|Te=Bevölkerungsgleichgewicht}}{{ | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=4|Te=Bevölkerungsgleichgewicht}}{{ | ||
| Line 59: | Line 59: | ||
{{NewLineT|S=905|N=5}} {{ | {{NewLineT|S=905|N=5}} {{ | ||
TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=5|Color=yes|Te=subsistence level}}{{ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=5|Color=yes|Te=subsistence level}}{{ | ||
| − | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=5|Te=مستوى الكفاف | + | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=5|Te=مستوى الكفاف}}{{ |
TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=5|Color=yes|Te=fysiologické existenční minimum}}{{ | TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=5|Color=yes|Te=fysiologické existenční minimum}}{{ | ||
TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=5|Te=physiologisches Existenzminimum}}{{ | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=5|Te=physiologisches Existenzminimum}}{{ | ||
| Line 72: | Line 72: | ||
TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=6|Color=yes|Te=positive check}}{{ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=6|Color=yes|Te=positive check}}{{ | ||
TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=Malthusian check}}{{ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=Malthusian check}}{{ | ||
| − | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=6|Te=تحديد الايجابي | + | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=6|Te=تحديد الايجابي}}{{ |
| − | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=تحديد بطريقة مالتس | + | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=تحديد بطريقة مالتس}}{{ |
TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=6|Color=yes|Te=represivní zábrana}}{{ | TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=6|Color=yes|Te=represivní zábrana}}{{ | ||
TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=6|Te=repressive Hemmungen}}{{ | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=6|Te=repressive Hemmungen}}{{ | ||
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{{NewLineT|S=905|N=7}} {{ | {{NewLineT|S=905|N=7}} {{ | ||
TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=7|Color=yes|Te=preventive check}}{{ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=7|Color=yes|Te=preventive check}}{{ | ||
| − | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=7|Te=تحديد الوقائي | + | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=7|Te=تحديد الوقائي}}{{ |
TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=7|Color=yes|Te=preventivní zábrana}}{{ | TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=7|Color=yes|Te=preventivní zábrana}}{{ | ||
TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=7|Te=präventive Hemmungen}}{{ | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=7|Te=präventive Hemmungen}}{{ | ||
| Line 105: | Line 105: | ||
{{NewLineT|S=905|N=8}} {{ | {{NewLineT|S=905|N=8}} {{ | ||
TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=8|Color=yes|Te=moral restraint}}{{ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=8|Color=yes|Te=moral restraint}}{{ | ||
| − | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=8|Te=وازع الأخلاقي | + | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=8|Te=وازع الأخلاقي}}{{ |
TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=8|Color=yes|Te=morální zdrženlivost}}{{ | TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=8|Color=yes|Te=morální zdrženlivost}}{{ | ||
TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=8|Te=moralische Enthaltung}}{{ | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=8|Te=moralische Enthaltung}}{{ | ||
| Line 117: | Line 117: | ||
{{NewLineT|S=905|N=9}} {{ | {{NewLineT|S=905|N=9}} {{ | ||
TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=9|Color=yes|Te=postponement of marriage}}{{ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=9|Color=yes|Te=postponement of marriage}}{{ | ||
| − | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=9|Te=تأجيل الزواج | + | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=9|Te=تأجيل الزواج}}{{ |
TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=9|Color=yes|Te=prodlužování celibátu}}{{ | TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=9|Color=yes|Te=prodlužování celibátu}}{{ | ||
TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=9|Te=Verlängerung der Ehelosigkeit}}{{ | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=9|Te=Verlängerung der Ehelosigkeit}}{{ | ||
| Line 150: | Line 150: | ||
<noinclude> | <noinclude> | ||
| − | [[en-I:population pressure]] [[ar-I:ضغط السكان | + | [[en-I:population pressure]] [[ar-I:ضغط السكان]] [[cs-I:populační tlak]] [[de-I:Bevölkerungsdruck]] [[es-I:presión de la población]] [[fi-I:väestönpaine]] [[fr-I:pression démographique]] [[it-I:pressione demografica]] [[pl-I:nacisk demograficzny]] [[pt-I:PRESSÃO demográfica]] [[ru-I:Давление избытка населения]] |
</noinclude> | </noinclude> | ||
| + | {{DEFAULTSORT:Population pressure}} | ||
<noinclude> | <noinclude> | ||
[[Category:Term of the first edition of the multilingual demographic Dictionary]] | [[Category:Term of the first edition of the multilingual demographic Dictionary]] | ||
Latest revision as of 08:12, 11 February 2010
| Translation | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Section | English 905 |
Arabic 905 |
Czech 905 |
German 905 |
Spanish 905 |
Finnish 905 |
French 905 |
Italien 905 |
[[pl-I:90#905|Template:Lang name -pl 905]] |
Portuguese 905 |
Russian 905 |
| 905-1 | population pressure | ضغط السكان | populační tlak | Bevölkerungsdruck | presión de la población —presión demográfica |
väestönpaine | pression démographique | pressione demografica | nacisk demograficzny | PRESSÃO demográfica —PRESSÃO da população |
Давление избытка населения —Демографическое давление |
| 905-2 | Malthusian population theory | نظرية السكان لمالتس | malthusiánská populační teorie | malthusische Bevölkerungstheorie | teoría maltusiana de la población | Malthusin väestöteoria | théorie malthusienne de la population | teoria malthusiana della popolazione | ludnościowa teoria Malthusa | TEORIA malthusiana da população mathusiana | Мальтузианская теория народонаселения |
| 905-3 | means of subsistence | ضروريات الحياة | prostředek obživy —úživné prostředky |
Unterhaltsmittel —Subsistenzmittel |
medios de subsistencia | toimeentulomahdollisuus | moyens de subsistance | mezzi di sussistenza | środki utrzymania | MEIOS de subsistência | Средства существования |
| 905-4 | population equilibrium | توازن السكان—توازن السكان | populační rovnováha | Bevölkerungsgleichgewicht | equilibrio de la población —equilibrio demográfico |
väestöllinen tasapaino | équilibre démographique | equilibrio demografico | równowaga demograficzna | EQUILÍBRIO demográfico —EQUILÍBRIO populacional |
Демографическое равновесие |
| 905-5 | subsistence level | مستوى الكفاف | fysiologické existenční minimum | physiologisches Existenzminimum | mínimo vital | fysiologinen toimeentulominimi | minimum physiologique | limite di sussistenza | minimum fizjologiczne | MÍNIMO vital | Минимальный уровень жизни |
| 905-6 | positive check —Malthusian check |
تحديد الايجابي—تحديد بطريقة مالتس | represivní zábrana | repressive Hemmungen | obstáculos represivos —obstáculos maltusianos |
hävittävä este —este positiivinen |
obstacle répressif —obstacle malthusien |
ostacolo repressivo —freno repressivo |
przeszkody (powiększania się ludności) represyjne | OBSTÁCULOS positivos —OBSTÁCULOS repressivos —OBSTÁCULOS malthusianos |
Разрушительные препятствия |
| 905-7 | preventive check | تحديد الوقائي | preventivní zábrana | präventive Hemmungen | obstáculos preventivos | ennakolta ehkäisevä este —preventiivinen este |
obstacle préventif | ostacolo preventivo —freno preventivo |
przeszkody (powiększania się ludności) prewencyjne | OBSTÁCULOS preventivos | Предупреждение беременности |
| 905-8 | moral restraint | وازع الأخلاقي | morální zdrženlivost | moralische Enthaltung | freno moral | moraalinen pidättyvyys | contrainte morale | freno morale | moralna wstrzemięźliwość | CONSTRANGIMENTO moral | Нравственное обуздание |
| 905-9 | postponement of marriage | تأجيل الزواج | prodlužování celibátu | Verlängerung der Ehelosigkeit —Hinauszögerung der Eheschließung |
prolongación de la soltería | avioitumisen lykkääntyminen | prolongation du célibat | ritardo delle nozze —differimento delle nozze |
opóźnianie związków małżeńskich | RETARDAMENTO matrimonial —RETARDAMENTO da idade matrimonial |
Поздние браки |
The term population pressure1 is used in a number of different senses. According to the Malthusian population theory2 (101-4), so called after its originator, there will inevitably be pressure of population on the means of subsistence3. Any change in the volume of available means of subsistence would generate population growth (701-1) until population equilibrium4 would again be attained when the level of living had reached a subsistence level5, i. e., a level just sufficient to maintain life. The equilibrium would be maintained by the elimination of any surplus population either through positive checks6, sometimes known as Malthusian checks6 (famine, pestilence and war), or through the preventive check7 of moral restraint8 consisting of postponement of marriage9, coupled with abstinence from sexual relations before marriage.
- 7. The term preventive check in English is generally used only with reference to the doctrines of Malthus.
Audio pronunciation
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