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Difference between revisions of "Economic optimum"
(Eugen Grebenik et al., first edition 1958) |
(Eugen Grebenik et al., first edition 1958) |
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{{TextTerms|S=902|P=90|Ed=I|CompleteIndexTerm=(ECONOMIC optimum)| content= | {{TextTerms|S=902|P=90|Ed=I|CompleteIndexTerm=(ECONOMIC optimum)| content= | ||
{{NewLineT|S=902|N=1}} {{ | {{NewLineT|S=902|N=1}} {{ | ||
+ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=1|Color=yes|Te=}}{{ | ||
+ | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=1|Te=}}{{ | ||
TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=1|Color=yes|Te=over-population}}{{ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=1|Color=yes|Te=over-population}}{{ | ||
TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=1|Te=اكتظاظ السكان (سكان)}}{{ | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=1|Te=اكتظاظ السكان (سكان)}}{{ | ||
Line 18: | Line 20: | ||
TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=1|Color=yes|Te=Перенаселение}} | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=1|Color=yes|Te=Перенаселение}} | ||
{{NewLineT|S=902|N=2}} {{ | {{NewLineT|S=902|N=2}} {{ | ||
+ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te=}}{{ | ||
+ | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=2|Te=تخلخل السكان (خلخل)}}{{ | ||
TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te=under-population}}{{ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te=under-population}}{{ | ||
− | TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=2|Te=nedolidnění}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te=Untervölkerung}}{{ |
− | |||
TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=2|SubN=2|Te=Unterbevölkerung}}{{ | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=2|SubN=2|Te=Unterbevölkerung}}{{ | ||
− | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=2 | + | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=2|Te=subpoblación}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=2|Te=vajaakansoitus}}{{ | + | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te=vajaakansoitus}}{{ |
TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=2|SubN=2|Te=väestönvajaus}}{{ | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=2|SubN=2|Te=väestönvajaus}}{{ | ||
− | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=2 | + | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=2|Te=sous-peuplement}}{{ |
TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=2|SubN=2|Te=sous-population}}{{ | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=2|SubN=2|Te=sous-population}}{{ | ||
− | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=2|Te=sottopopolazione}}{{ | + | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te=sottopopolazione}}{{ |
TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=2|SubN=2|Te=sottopopolamento}}{{ | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=2|SubN=2|Te=sottopopolamento}}{{ | ||
− | TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=2 | + | TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=2|Te=niedoludnienie}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=2|Te=SUBPOPULAÇÃO}}{{ | + | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te=SUBPOPULAÇÃO}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=2 | + | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=2|Te=Недостаточная населенность}} |
{{NewLineT|S=902|N=3}} {{ | {{NewLineT|S=902|N=3}} {{ | ||
+ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=3|Color=yes|Te=}}{{ | ||
+ | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=3|Te=مستوى تنمية (تنمية)}}{{ | ||
TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=3|Color=yes|Te=level of development}}{{ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=3|Color=yes|Te=level of development}}{{ | ||
− | TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=3|Te=vývojový stupeň}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=3|Color=yes|Te=Entwicklungsgrad}}{{ |
− | + | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=3|Te=grado de desarrollo}}{{ | |
− | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=3 | + | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=3|Color=yes|Te=kehitystaso}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=3|Te=kehitystaso}}{{ | + | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=3|Te=degré de développement}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=3 | + | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=3|Color=yes|Te=grado di sviluppo}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=3|Te=grado di sviluppo}}{{ | + | TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=3|Te=poziom rozwoju}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=3 | + | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=3|Color=yes|Te=NÍVEL de desenvolvimento}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=3|Te=NÍVEL de desenvolvimento}}{{ | + | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=3|Te=Уровень развития}} |
− | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=3 | ||
{{NewLineT|S=902|N=4}} {{ | {{NewLineT|S=902|N=4}} {{ | ||
+ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=4|Color=yes|Te=}}{{ | ||
+ | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=4|Te=عدد السكان الأفضل (عدد)}}{{ | ||
TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=4|Color=yes|Te=optimum population}}{{ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=4|Color=yes|Te=optimum population}}{{ | ||
TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=4|SubN=2|Te=optimum}}{{ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=4|SubN=2|Te=optimum}}{{ | ||
− | + | TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=4|Te=populační optimum}}{{ | |
− | TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=4 | ||
TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=4|SubN=2|Te=optimální populace}}{{ | TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=4|SubN=2|Te=optimální populace}}{{ | ||
− | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=4|Te=Bevölkerungsoptimum}}{{ | + | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=4|Color=yes|Te=Bevölkerungsoptimum}}{{ |
TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=4|SubN=2|Te=optimale Bevölkerungszahl}}{{ | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=4|SubN=2|Te=optimale Bevölkerungszahl}}{{ | ||
− | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=4 | + | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=4|Te=población óptima}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=4|Te=väestöoptimi}}{{ | + | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=4|Color=yes|Te=väestöoptimi}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=4 | + | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=4|Te=optimum de peuplement}}{{ |
TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=4|SubN=2|Te=population optimale}}{{ | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=4|SubN=2|Te=population optimale}}{{ | ||
− | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=4|Te=optimum di popolazione}}{{ | + | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=4|Color=yes|Te=optimum di popolazione}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=4 | + | TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=4|Te=optimum ludności}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=4|Te=POPULAÇÃO ótima}}{{ | + | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=4|Color=yes|Te=POPULAÇÃO ótima}}{{ |
TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=4|SubN=2|Te=ÓTIMO}}{{ | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=4|SubN=2|Te=ÓTIMO}}{{ | ||
− | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=4 | + | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=4|Te=Оптимальная численность населения}} |
{{NewLineT|S=902|N=5}} {{ | {{NewLineT|S=902|N=5}} {{ | ||
+ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=5|Color=yes|Te=}}{{ | ||
+ | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=5|Te=عدد السكان الأفضل اقتصاديا (عدد)}}{{ | ||
TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=5|Color=yes|Te=economic optimum}}{{ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=5|Color=yes|Te=economic optimum}}{{ | ||
− | TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=5|Te=ekonomický optimum}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=5|Color=yes|Te=wirtschaftliches Bevölkerungsoptimum}}{{ |
− | + | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=5|Te=óptimo económico}}{{ | |
− | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=5 | + | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=5|Color=yes|Te=taloudellinen väestöoptimi}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=5|Te=taloudellinen väestöoptimi}}{{ | + | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=5|Te=optimum économique}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=5 | + | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=5|Color=yes|Te=optimum economico}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=5|Te=optimum economico}}{{ | + | TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=5|Te=optimum gospodarcze}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=5 | + | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=5|Color=yes|Te=ÓTIMO econômico}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=5|Te=ÓTIMO econômico}}{{ | + | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=5|Te=Экономический оптимум населения}} |
− | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=5 | ||
{{NewLineT|S=902|N=6}} {{ | {{NewLineT|S=902|N=6}} {{ | ||
+ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=6|Color=yes|Te=}}{{ | ||
+ | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=6|Te=مستوى المعيشة (مستوى)}}{{ | ||
TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=6|Color=yes|Te=level of living}}{{ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=6|Color=yes|Te=level of living}}{{ | ||
TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=standard of living}}{{ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=standard of living}}{{ | ||
− | TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=6|Te=životní úroveň}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=6|Color=yes|Te=Höhe der Lebenshaltung}}{{ |
− | |||
TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=Lebenshaltungsniveau}}{{ | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=Lebenshaltungsniveau}}{{ | ||
TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=3|Te=Lebensstandard}}{{ | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=3|Te=Lebensstandard}}{{ | ||
− | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=6 | + | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=6|Te=nivel de vida}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=6|Te=elintaso}}{{ | + | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=6|Color=yes|Te=elintaso}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=6 | + | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=6|Te=niveau de vie}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=6|Te=tenore di vita}}{{ | + | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=6|Color=yes|Te=tenore di vita}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=6 | + | TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=6|Te=poziom życia}}{{ |
TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=standard życia}}{{ | TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=standard życia}}{{ | ||
− | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=6|Te=NÍVEL de vida}}{{ | + | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=6|Color=yes|Te=NÍVEL de vida}}{{ |
TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=PADRÃO de vida}}{{ | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=PADRÃO de vida}}{{ | ||
− | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=6 | + | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=6|Te=Уровень жизни}} |
{{NewLineT|S=902|N=7}} {{ | {{NewLineT|S=902|N=7}} {{ | ||
+ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=7|Color=yes|Te=}}{{ | ||
+ | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=7|Te=نصيب الفرد من الدخل القومي الحقيقي (فرد)}}{{ | ||
TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=7|Color=yes|Te=real national income per head}}{{ | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=7|Color=yes|Te=real national income per head}}{{ | ||
− | + | TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=7|Te=národní důchod na jednoho obyvatele}}{{ | |
− | TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=I|N=7 | + | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=7|Color=yes|Te=Sozialprodukt je Kopf der Bevölkerung}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=7|Te=Sozialprodukt je Kopf der Bevölkerung}}{{ | + | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=7|Te=renta real media por cabeza}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=7 | + | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=7|Color=yes|Te=asukasta kohti laskettu reaalikansantulo}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=7|Te=asukasta kohti laskettu reaalikansantulo}}{{ | ||
TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=7|SubN=2|Te=reaalikansantulo per capita}}{{ | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=7|SubN=2|Te=reaalikansantulo per capita}}{{ | ||
− | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=7 | + | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=7|Te=revenu réel moyen par tête}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=7|Te=reddito medio reale per abitante}}{{ | + | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=7|Color=yes|Te=reddito medio reale per abitante}}{{ |
TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=7|SubN=2|Te=reddito medio reale pro-capite}}{{ | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=7|SubN=2|Te=reddito medio reale pro-capite}}{{ | ||
− | TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=7 | + | TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=7|Te=średni dochód realny na mieszkańca}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=7|Te=RENDA média por habitante}}{{ | + | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=7|Color=yes|Te=RENDA média por habitante}}{{ |
TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=7|SubN=2|Te=RENDA "per capita"}}{{ | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=7|SubN=2|Te=RENDA "per capita"}}{{ | ||
− | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=7 | + | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=7|Te=Средний реальный доход}}{{ |
− | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=7|SubN=2|Te=Реальный национальный доход на душу населения}}| | + | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=7|SubN=2|Te=Реальный национальный доход на душу населения}}|Lang3=en|Lang4=cs|Lang5=de|Lang6=es|Lang7=fi|Lang8=fr|Lang9=it|Lang10=pl|Lang11=pt|Lang12=ru}} |
− | |||
{{Gallery | {{Gallery | ||
Line 126: | Line 133: | ||
<noinclude> | <noinclude> | ||
− | [[en-I:economic optimum | + | [[en-I:economic optimum]] [[cs-I:ekonomický optimum]] [[de-I:wirtschaftliches Bevölkerungsoptimum]] [[es-I:óptimo económico]] [[fi-I:taloudellinen väestöoptimi]] [[fr-I:optimum économique]] [[it-I:optimum economico]] [[pl-I:optimum gospodarcze]] [[pt-I:ÓTIMO econômico]] [[ru-I:Экономический оптимум населения]] |
</noinclude> | </noinclude> | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Economic optimum}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Economic optimum}} |
Revision as of 15:46, 8 February 2010
{{Lang translation -{{{Lang}}}}} | |||||||||||||
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{{Lang section -{{{Lang}}}}} | [[:{{{Lang}}}-I:90#902|{{Lang name -{{{Lang}}}}} 902]] |
English 902 |
Czech 902 |
German 902 |
Spanish 902 |
Finnish 902 |
French 902 |
Italien 902 |
[[pl-I:90#902|Template:Lang name -pl 902]] |
Portuguese 902 |
Russian 902 | ||
902-1 | over-population | اكتظاظ السكان (سكان) | přelidnění | Übervölkerung —Überbevölkerung |
superpoblación | Iiikakansoitus —liikaväestö |
surpeuplement —surpopulation |
sovrappopolazione —sovrappopolamento |
przeludnienie | SUPERPOPULAÇÃO | Перенаселение | ||
902-2 | تخلخل السكان (خلخل) | under-population | nedolidnění | Untervölkerung —Unterbevölkerung |
subpoblación | vajaakansoitus —väestönvajaus |
sous-peuplement —sous-population |
sottopopolazione —sottopopolamento |
niedoludnienie | SUBPOPULAÇÃO | Недостаточная населенность | ||
902-3 | مستوى تنمية (تنمية) | level of development | vývojový stupeň | Entwicklungsgrad | grado de desarrollo | kehitystaso | degré de développement | grado di sviluppo | poziom rozwoju | NÍVEL de desenvolvimento | Уровень развития | ||
902-4 | عدد السكان الأفضل (عدد) | optimum population —optimum |
populační optimum —optimální populace |
Bevölkerungsoptimum —optimale Bevölkerungszahl |
población óptima | väestöoptimi | optimum de peuplement —population optimale |
optimum di popolazione | optimum ludności | POPULAÇÃO ótima —ÓTIMO |
Оптимальная численность населения | ||
902-5 | عدد السكان الأفضل اقتصاديا (عدد) | economic optimum | ekonomický optimum | wirtschaftliches Bevölkerungsoptimum | óptimo económico | taloudellinen väestöoptimi | optimum économique | optimum economico | optimum gospodarcze | ÓTIMO econômico | Экономический оптимум населения | ||
902-6 | مستوى المعيشة (مستوى) | level of living —standard of living |
životní úroveň | Höhe der Lebenshaltung —Lebenshaltungsniveau —Lebensstandard |
nivel de vida | elintaso | niveau de vie | tenore di vita | poziom życia —standard życia |
NÍVEL de vida —PADRÃO de vida |
Уровень жизни | ||
902-7 | نصيب الفرد من الدخل القومي الحقيقي (فرد) | real national income per head | národní důchod na jednoho obyvatele | Sozialprodukt je Kopf der Bevölkerung | renta real media por cabeza | asukasta kohti laskettu reaalikansantulo —reaalikansantulo per capita |
revenu réel moyen par tête | reddito medio reale per abitante —reddito medio reale pro-capite |
średni dochód realny na mieszkańca | RENDA média por habitante —RENDA "per capita" |
Средний реальный доход —Реальный национальный доход на душу населения |
Consideration of the relation between population and resources leads to the concepts of over-population1 aud under-population2. These terms are, of course, defined only at a given fixed level of development3. There is said to be over-population when the elimination of a number of inhabitants would yield certain advantages to the remainder. Under-population, on the other hand, implies that such advantages would accrue from a rise in numbers. When neither an increase nor a decrease would yield advantages, there is said to be an optimum population4, sometimes briefly called an optimum4. The advantages yielded may be economic in character and in that case it is an economic optimum5. The discussion of economic optima generally proceeds in terms of economic welfare but as this is difficult to ascertain empirically, the level of living6 or standard of living6 is sometimes substituted. This is approximated by the real national income per head7, i.e., the total amount of goods and services produced in a particular period (or its equivalent in money income adjusted for variation in purchasing power) divided by the total population during the period.
- 5. Some writers have used the concept of a power optimum and a social optimum as well as of an economic optimum.
- 6. The expression "standard of living" is restricted by some economists to mean an accepted goal or recognized set of needs, as contrasted with the level of living actually attained. Others use these terms interchangeably.
- 7. The erroneous term per capita is sometimes used.
|